HYPERTHYROIDISM, WHEN THE THYROID INCREMENTS ITS FUNCTION.

The thyroid is a gland located in the neck that regulates our metabolism.

Hyperthyroidism is caused by an increase of the production of the hormones produced by the thyroid (T3 and T4).

It is a pathology that mostly affects young women between the ages of 35 and 45.

The most common causes for this pathology are:
• An autoimmune disease, in other words, when our own body attacks the gland. 
• An inflammation of the gland, which is less common and whose origin is viral.

SYMPTOMS

The warning symptoms are:

1. Anxiety and nervousness. 

Patients describe it as feeling anxious and anguished. It is common to be experiencing these symptoms in the evening and at night, making it very difficult to sleep.

2. Diarrhoeas. 

No link to a digestive pathology is found.

3. Heart palpitations that can sometimes lead to serious arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation.

4. Weight loss without a loss of appetite.

5. Excessive sweating and intolerance to heat.

6. Weakness and muscle fatigue, which causes patients to be unable to fulfil their duties at work.

7. A slight hand tremor. Patients sometimes feel this tremor throughout their body and can make them feel as though they might fall to the floor imminently.

8. Brittle hair.
This symptom stands out because the hair does not fall out but instead breaks off easily.

9. Disruption of periods in women.

10. A visible increase in size of the gland, which manifests itself as a lump in the neck, called goitre.

In some cases, bulging eyes accompany all of the symptoms of hyperthyroidism along with inflammation of the goitre and the anterior part of the leg that is then named ‘Graves-Basedow disease’.

• Diagnosis.

The diagnosis is easy; all that is needed is a simple blood test whereby an increment of the thyroid hormones can be found along with specific antibodies. Other tests such as ultrasound scan or thyroid scan will allow us to pinpoint the diagnosis.

• Treatment.

The treatment for this pathology are antithyroid drugs, which improves the symptoms in mere days, however, surgical treatment or the use of radioactive iodine, can be prescribed when oral medication is not enough to control the condition.

Even though patience would be needed in some cases, as a misdiagnosis is what can make patients visit all types of doctors’ surgeries, usually the condition has an overall good prognostic. A simple blood test solves this issue.

Dr J. Hurtado Martínez

Medical Director of HealthSalus